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Electrics and electronicsUrgency: Monitor

Battery goes flat while the car is parked: causes and the faults that trigger it

A parked car keeps using electricity (alarm, sensors, control units and systems such as eCall), and RACE puts at around 15 days of non-use the point at which the battery can run out of energy to start the car. If it goes flat sooner, for example after a single night, the sources point to a worn-out battery (its service life is 3 to 5 years), an alternator that is not recharging, an abnormal parasitic drain, journeys that are too short, or loose or sulphated terminals. With jump leads, a charger or a portable jump starter the car can be started again, but if it keeps happening you need to look for the cause.[1][2][3][4]

7 documented faults cause it in 7 engines. The most important:

What it means

If the car will not start after a few days parked, the battery may be at the end of its life or a module may be drawing current while the car is off. On cars with automatic stop-start, the battery must be the right type (AGM or EFB).

General explanation from MotorFiable. How it shows up in each engine, with sources, is in the list of faults.

What to do now

Monitor

Ask for a battery test and a measurement of the parasitic drain. If you replace it, use the type the manufacturer specifies and register it if the car requires it.

128 sourcesHow we work

Most common causes

From most to least likely according to the sources. Under each cause, the part and the related OBD codes.

  1. 1. Worn-out battery or one at the end of its life

    Common cause

    RACE puts the service life of a battery at between 3 and 5 years, after which the cells stop storing energy. Diariomotor cites it as the first cause of repeated flat batteries, because batteries degrade with time and use, and Autopista says that at four or five years with several failures it most likely needs replacing.[1][3][5][6]

    Faults with with the 12 V battery

  2. 2. Alternator that does not recharge the battery

    Common cause

    RACE describes it as the most common of the five reasons a battery does not charge: a worn alternator does not supply enough power. Diariomotor lists it as the second cause of repeated flat batteries, and Autopista warns that if it fails, even a new battery gradually goes flat until it has no power left.[2][3][5]

    Faults with with the alternator and starter motor

  3. 3. Abnormal parasitic drain with the car switched off

    Common cause

    According to Autopista, it occurs when an electrical component keeps working after the car is switched off: an interior or glovebox light that does not go out, a badly fitted alarm, a non-original radio, a GPS tracker, a charger in the 12 V socket or a module that does not go to sleep. SlashGear adds damaged wiring, a short circuit or a faulty relay, and a real case in which the culprit was a device plugged into the OBD port.[2][7][8]

    Faults with with the 12 V batteryFaults with with the electrical wiringFaults with with the control units

  4. 4. Car left unused for many days

    Common cause

    Even with no fault, normal drains (alarm, sensors, control units, eCall) end up emptying the battery if the car does not move. RACE talks about around 15 days or more, and Diariomotor points out that a car that spends long periods parked suffers repeated discharges.[1][4][5]

    Faults with with the 12 V battery

  5. 5. Short journeys

    Possible cause

    Every start demands a great deal from the battery, and if you then drive only five or ten minutes, the alternator barely has time to recover the energy used. Autopista calls them one of its worst enemies, and Diariomotor adds them to the faulty alternator and long periods of standing.[2][5]

    Faults with with the 12 V battery

  6. 6. Loose, corroded or sulphated terminals

    Possible cause

    The terminal screws can work loose over time and the connectors can corrode, which reduces charging efficiency. Autopista adds that a new battery can also fail if the terminals are not properly tightened or the connections are dirty.[2][3]

    Faults with with the 12 V battery

  7. 7. Faulty auxiliary belt

    Possible cause

    RACE includes, among the five reasons a battery does not charge, a faulty auxiliary belt, also known as the alternator belt. Replacing it costs little, although labour has to be added.[3]

    Faults with with the alternator and starter motor

  8. 8. New battery wrongly chosen, not coded or faulty

    Uncommon

    Autopista notes that a new battery may not be the right type, that on modern cars with Start-Stop it has to be coded so the ECU adapts charge management, and that, although rare, it may arrive faulty or have been stored for a long time.[2]

    Faults with with the 12 V batteryFaults with with the control units

Depending on what you notice

Why does my car battery go flat?

Even when parked, the car keeps using electricity on the alarm, sensors, control units and eCall, according to RACE. To that normal drain are added the causes cited by Diariomotor and Autopista: an ageing battery, an alternator that does not recharge, journeys that are too short, loose terminals or a parasitic drain.[1][2][5]

The car battery goes flat often

Diariomotor points to two main culprits: battery degradation and a faulty alternator, with long periods of standing and short journeys as aggravating factors. RACE adds loose or corroded terminals and the auxiliary belt, and cites as warnings the red battery warning light on the dashboard and the click of the starter motor when trying to start.[3][5]

Parasitic drain on the car battery

This is the use of electricity with the car switched off. Part of it is normal (alarm, sensors, control units), and a SlashGear article, citing the US Universal Technical Institute, puts normal drain at between 50 and 85 milliamps on new cars and below 50 on older ones. If it is higher, you need to find the culprit by measuring with a multimeter on direct current while removing fuses one by one.[1][2][7]

The battery goes flat overnight

RACE puts at around 15 days without using the car the point at which the battery may not have the energy to start, so going flat in a single night is far below that timescale and suggests something more than normal drain: a badly worn battery, an alternator that does not charge or a heavy parasitic drain. If it started right after installing something (a radio, a tracker, a device in the OBD port), SlashGear advises starting the search there.[1][3][4][8]

What to check first

  1. Pay attention to how the car warns you: the click of the starter motor when trying to start or the red battery warning light on the dashboard are the warnings RACE cites.[3]
  2. Check the terminals: they should be clean, free of corrosion and properly tightened. It is the first thing Autopista asks you to look at on a battery that keeps going flat.[2][3]
  3. Measure the voltage with a multimeter: at rest, 12.6-12.8 V indicates a well-charged battery (if you have just driven, surface charge makes it read high). With the engine running it should sit between roughly 13.8 and 14.4-14.7 V according to Autopista; if it does not rise, the fault may be in the charging system.[2][6]
  4. If charging is correct, look for a parasitic drain: ask yourself whether you have recently installed anything (radio, GPS tracker, charger in the 12 V socket, device in the OBD port) and disconnect it to see whether the problem goes away.[2][8]
  5. Ask a garage for the three checks Autopista cites: a battery test, an alternator charging test and a measurement of drain at rest (multimeter on direct current and removing fuses one by one until the circuit that is using power is found).[2][7]
  6. If you replaced the battery recently and the car has Start-Stop, check that it is the type the manufacturer specifies and that it has been coded to the ECU.[2]

Can I keep driving?

Urgency: Monitor

The sources treat this problem as something that leaves the car unable to start, not as a safety risk while driving. With a flat battery the car can be started with jump leads, with roadside assistance, by charging the battery separately or with a portable jump starter (RACE), and Diariomotor recommends then driving for at least half an hour so the alternator recharges it. If it happens again, recharging is not enough: the cause has to be found. If the red battery warning light comes on while driving, RACE cites it as a sign that the battery is not charging, although no source says how much further you can drive.[1][3][9]

How much it costs to fix

Indicative prices published by the sources cited; they depend on the car and the garage.

RepairPrice
New conventional battery, part only: around €50 for a 45 Ah unit for a small city car and €80-90 or more for a 76 Ah unit for a turbodiesel saloon (2020 prices from Diariomotor)[9]€50 – €90
AGM battery for a car with Start-Stop, part only (2020 prices from Diariomotor)[9]€130 – €150
New alternator, without labour (RACE)[3]€400 – €600
Reconditioned alternator, cheaper than a new one (around €300 according to RACE; without labour)[3]€300
Auxiliary belt, part only (around €20; labour is extra, according to RACE)[3]€20
Portable car jump starter (Diariomotor: a little over €50 and under €100)[5]€50 – €100

Documented faults that cause it

Specific engine and gearbox faults, from most to least important (severity × frequency). Below each title, how the symptom shows up in that fault.

  1. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 / 1.4 / 1.8 i-VTEC[10]

  2. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 and 2.5 Hybrid[11]

  3. Source for the symptom in the Mitsubishi PHEV[12]

  4. Source for the symptom in the 1.7 CDTI[13]

  5. Source for the symptom in the E-Tech Híbrido[14][15]

  6. Source for the symptom in the 1.5 Hybrid[16][17]

  7. Source for the symptom in the Honda e:HEV / i-MMD[18][19]

Faults elsewhere in the car that cause it

Suspension, brake, electronics and other faults on specific cars, from most to least important.

  1. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai Ioniq 5[20][21]

  2. Source for the symptom in the Land Rover Freelander 2[22]

  3. Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 6 E63/E64[23][24]

  4. Source for the symptom in the Ford Focus II[25]

  5. Source for the symptom in the Ford Galaxy III[26]

  6. Source for the symptom in the Ford Kuga I[27][28][29]

  7. Source for the symptom in the Ford Mustang Mach-E[22][30]

  8. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai i30 I[31][32]

  9. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai Ioniq 6[33]

  10. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai Kona I[34]

  11. Source for the symptom in the Kia Sportage IV[35]

  12. Source for the symptom in the Opel Astra G[36]

  13. Source for the symptom in the Toyota C-HR I[37]

  14. Source for the symptom in the Alfa Romeo MiTo[38]

  15. Source for the symptom in the Alfa Romeo Stelvio[39][40]

  16. Source for the symptom in the Alfa Romeo Tonale[41]

  17. Source for the symptom in the Chrysler 300C[42]

  18. Source for the symptom in the Citroën C1 II[43]

  19. Source for the symptom in the Citroën C3 IV[44]

  20. Source for the symptom in the Citroën C4 I[45]

  21. Source for the symptom in the Dacia Jogger[46]

  22. Source for the symptom in the Fiat 500e[47]

  23. Source for the symptom in the Fiat Punto II[48]

  24. Source for the symptom in the Ford EcoSport[49]

  25. Source for the symptom in the Ford Focus IV[50]

  26. Source for the symptom in the Ford Ka+[51]

  27. Source for the symptom in the Ford Kuga III[52]

  28. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai Bayon[53]

  29. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai Ioniq[54]

  30. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai ix35[55][56]

  31. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai Santa Fe II[57]

  32. Source for the symptom in the Hyundai Tucson IV[58][59]

  33. Source for the symptom in the Kia Niro I[60]

  34. Source for the symptom in the Land Rover Range Rover Sport II[61]

  35. Source for the symptom in the Mazda 3 IV[62]

  36. Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Citan W415[63]

  37. Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase C W205[64]

  38. Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase E W211[65]

  39. Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz Clase E W211[66]

  40. Source for the symptom in the MINI Countryman R60[67]

  41. Source for the symptom in the Mitsubishi ASX I[22][68]

  42. Source for the symptom in the Nissan Almera II[69]

  43. Source for the symptom in the Nissan Leaf II[70]

  44. Source for the symptom in the Peugeot 206[71]

  45. Source for the symptom in the Renault Arkana[15]

  46. Source for the symptom in the Renault Austral[72]

  47. Source for the symptom in the Renault Captur II[73]

  48. Source for the symptom in the Renault Kangoo II[74]

  49. Source for the symptom in the Škoda Enyaq[75]

  50. Source for the symptom in the Smart Forfour[76]

  51. Source for the symptom in the Smart Fortwo[77]

  52. Source for the symptom in the Suzuki Baleno[22]

  53. Source for the symptom in the Toyota Auris II[78]

  54. Source for the symptom in the Toyota Corolla IX[79]

  55. Source for the symptom in the Toyota Corolla XII[11]

  56. Source for the symptom in the Toyota Yaris Cross[80]

  57. Source for the symptom in the Toyota Yaris IV[16]

  58. Source for the symptom in the Volkswagen Golf VIII[81]

  59. Source for the symptom in the Volvo C30[82]

  60. Source for the symptom in the Volvo XC60 II[83]

  61. Source for the symptom in the Dacia Sandero II[84]

  62. Source for the symptom in the Dacia Sandero III[85]

  63. Source for the symptom in the Peugeot 207[86]

  64. Source for the symptom in the Toyota Prius III[87]

  65. Source for the symptom in the Alfa Romeo Giulia[88]

  66. Source for the symptom in the Audi A7 C7[89][90]

  67. Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 2 Gran Tourer F46[91]

  68. Source for the symptom in the Dacia Duster III[92]

  69. Source for the symptom in the Fiat Panda III[93]

  70. Source for the symptom in the Ford Focus III[94]

  71. Source for the symptom in the Honda Civic IX[95]

  72. Source for the symptom in the Honda CR-V IV[96]

  73. Source for the symptom in the Honda HR-V II[97]

  74. Source for the symptom in the Honda HR-V III[98]

  75. Source for the symptom in the Honda Jazz II[99]

  76. Source for the symptom in the Honda Jazz III[100]

  77. Source for the symptom in the Iveco Daily VI[101]

  78. Source for the symptom in the Kia EV6[102]

  79. Source for the symptom in the Kia Niro II[103]

  80. Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz CLA C117[104]

  81. Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz CLA C118[105]

  82. Source for the symptom in the Mercedes-Benz GLB X247[106]

  83. Source for the symptom in the MG MG4[107]

  84. Source for the symptom in the MG ZS I[108]

  85. Source for the symptom in the Mitsubishi Colt VI[109]

  86. Source for the symptom in the Nissan Pulsar[110]

  87. Source for the symptom in the Nissan Qashqai II[111]

  88. Source for the symptom in the Renault Fluence[112]

  89. Source for the symptom in the Renault Talisman[113]

  90. Source for the symptom in the Seat Alhambra II[114][115]

  91. Source for the symptom in the Škoda Octavia IV[116]

  92. Source for the symptom in the Suzuki Swift IV[117]

  93. Source for the symptom in the Toyota bZ4X[118]

  94. Source for the symptom in the Toyota Corolla Cross[119]

  95. Source for the symptom in the Volkswagen Passat B7[120]

  96. Source for the symptom in the BMW Serie 5 E60[121]

  97. Source for the symptom in the Ford Galaxy III[26]

  98. Source for the symptom in the Infiniti Q30[122]

  99. Source for the symptom in the Jaguar E-Pace[123]

  100. Source for the symptom in the Nissan Micra IV[124]

  101. Source for the symptom in the Renault Clio IV[125]

  102. Source for the symptom in the Volkswagen Golf V[126][127]

  103. Source for the symptom in the Volvo V90[128]

Which cars it appears in

These faults affect 7 engines. We have documented 37 models from 9 makes with some of the affected versions: open yours to see all its faults.

Engines

Cars with the affected versions

Battery goes flat: causes in your car

126 cars have several documented faults that cause this symptom. Choose yours to see only those that affect it, by engine and by year.

Alfa Romeo 4
Audi 1
BMW 3
Chrysler 1
Citroën 3
Dacia 4
Fiat 3
Ford 9
Honda 12
Hyundai 9
Infiniti 1
Iveco 1
Jaguar 1
Kia 4
Land Rover 2
Lexus 2
Mazda 2
Mercedes-Benz 6
MG 2
MINI 1
Mitsubishi 3
Nissan 6
Opel 7
Peugeot 2
Renault 11
Seat 1
Škoda 2
Smart 2
Suzuki 2
Toyota 13
Volkswagen 3
Volvo 3

Battery goes flat by brand

Fault codes that may go with it

If you have an OBD reader, the code stored by the control unit helps you work out which system is failing.

Frequently asked questions

How long can a car stand before the battery goes flat?

RACE talks about around 15 days or more, and in another article specifies that, depending on its state of charge, after roughly fifteen days the battery, whatever type it is, may not have enough energy to start. It is an order of magnitude, not an exact deadline, and depends on the battery and on what the car draws.[1][4]

Does disconnecting the battery stop it going flat?

According to RACE, yes: disconnecting the negative terminal prevents drain while the car is standing, and it is safe on older cars. On those built after 2016 it can wipe settings (steering, ABS, cameras) and make the ECU fail to recognise the battery; in that case it is better to use a memory saver or a battery maintainer. Check the manual before doing it.[1][4]

How much power does a car draw with the ignition off?

No Spanish-language source gives a figure. A SlashGear article citing the Universal Technical Institute (USA) puts normal drain at between 50 and 85 milliamps on new cars and below 50 on older ones; it is a general reference that does not replace your car manufacturer's figure.[7]

What do I do if I find the battery flat?

RACE lists five options: connecting jump leads to another car's battery, calling roadside assistance, removing the battery and charging it at home, using a portable jump starter or replacing it if it has reached the end of its life. Diariomotor adds that a discharge does not necessarily damage the battery and that, after starting, it is worth driving for at least half an hour.[1][9]

What voltage should a healthy battery show?

Autopista gives 12.6-12.8 V at rest as a good charge and between 13.8 and 14.7 V with the engine idling; another of its articles on new batteries puts the running charge between 13.8 and 14.4 V. If you have just driven, surface charge makes the reading come out higher than the real figure.[2][6]

How often does the battery need replacing?

RACE gives a service life of 3 to 5 years, and Autopista says that at four or five years with repeated failures it most likely needs replacing. Before replacing it, it is worth ruling out that the problem is the alternator or a parasitic drain.[1][3][6]

Other symptoms: electrics and electronics

All symptoms

Has this happened to you? Tell us which fault it was, at how many kilometres and how much you paid: it helps other owners know what to expect. Report your fault.

Sources

Every fact on this page links to its source. If you find an error, let us know.

  1. ¿Te has encontrado con la batería descargada después de dejar el coche parado unos días? Estos son los motivosRACE · Motoring press · published 7 August 2024 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  2. Mi coche se queda sin batería y es nueva, causas y qué revisarAutopista · Motoring press · published 4 May 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  3. La batería del coche no carga: ¿por qué?RACE · Motoring press · published 10 February 2023 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  4. ¿Cuándo desconectar la batería de un coche y cuándo es recomendable hacerlo?RACE · Motoring press · published 23 June 2025 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  5. La batería de mi coche se descarga continuamenteDiariomotor · Motoring press · published 12 September 2023 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  6. Comprobar la batería del coche con multímetro paso a pasoAutopista · Motoring press · published 26 May 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  7. Do Car Batteries Lose Charge When Not In Use? Parasitic Drain, ExplainedSlashGear (vía AOL) · Other source · published 26 June 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026
  8. A Woman Replaced Her Car's Battery 3 Times In 1 Year Due To This Power-Draining CulpritSlashGear · Other source · published 27 October 2025 · consulted 4 October 2026
  9. ¿Cuánto cuesta cambiar la batería del coche? ¿Hay otras opciones?Diariomotor · Motoring press · published 23 May 2020 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  10. Honda Civic 8 (2005-2011): alle bekannten Probleme & KrankheitenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  11. Toyota Corolla : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  12. Mitsubishi Outlander (II & III) – Bekannte Probleme und MängelGebrauchtwagenberater (Alemania) · Motoring press · published 2 March 2023 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
  13. Opel Astra H (A04): Probleme & KaufberatungGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  14. Fiabilité et pannes de la Renault Clio 5Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  15. Fiabilité et pannes du Renault ArkanaFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  16. Toyota Yaris 4 : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  17. Toyota Yaris Cross – Bekannte Probleme & RückrufeGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  18. Sistema híbrido Honda e:HEV (i-MMD): problemas, fiabilidad y coches que lo llevanMotordex · Technical documentation · consulted 29 October 2026 · in Spanish
  19. Honda LEB-H5 (1.5 i-MMD e:HEV): experiencias, problemas, consumo y consejos de compraAutohints · Technical documentation · consulted 29 October 2026 · in Spanish
  20. Tous les problèmes sur Hyundai Ioniq 5 2021 (47 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  21. Hyundai Ioniq 5 - Probleme, Schwächen und RückrufeGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  22. DVSA – base de llamadas a revisión (R/2008/024, R/2008/125, R/2008/187, R/2015/186)DVSA (Reino Unido) · Official body · consulted 8 October 2026
  23. Pannes et fiabilité de la BMW Série 6 (2003-2011)Fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 29 October 2026 · in French
  24. BMW 6er E63, E64: Typische Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  25. Fiabilité et pannes du Ford Focus 2 (2004-2010)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  26. Tous les problèmes sur Ford GALAXY 2016 (11 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  27. Ford Kuga MK1 2008-2012 Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  28. Ford Kuga Probleme (1. Generation 2008-2013)CarWiki.de · Other source · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  29. Fiabilité Ford Kuga (2008-2013): pannes, rappels et indices ADACFiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 29 October 2026 · in French
  30. Ford halts Mustang Mach-E deliveries over door-latch defectelectrive.com · Motoring press · published 19 June 2025 · consulted 9 October 2026
  31. Achtung, gebraucht wird der Hyundai i30 zum Risiko!Auto Bild · Motoring press · published June 2026 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  32. Fiabilité Hyundai i30 (2007-2012)fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  33. Hyundai Ioniq 6: problemas y fiabilidad (7 testimonios)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  34. Tous les problèmes sur Hyundai Kona 2017-2023 (89 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  35. Kia Sportage 1.6 T-GDI Black Edition 2WD (01/21 - 01/22) — ficha, rückrufe y PannenstatistikADAC · Reliability study · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
  36. Fiabilité Opel Astra (1998-2004) - pannes et problèmes recensésFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  37. Toyota C-HR : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  38. Tous les problèmes sur Alfa-romeo MITO 2008-2019 (297 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  39. Tous les problèmes sur Alfa-Romeo Stelvio 2017 (127 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026 · in French
  40. Problemas Alfa Romeo StelvioTotal Renting · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026 · in Spanish
  41. Fiabilité Alfa-romeo Tonale (2022) (29 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026 · in French
  42. Chrysler 300 (2004)Wikipedia (de) · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in German
  43. Tous les problèmes sur Citroën C1 2014-2021 (44 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  44. Tous les problèmes sur Citroën C3 IV 2024 (67 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  45. Probleme mit dem Citroën C4: typische Schwachstellen, Mängel und RückrufeCarWiki · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  46. Fiabilité Dacia Jogger (2021) (75 avis)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  47. Fiat 500e: Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  48. Fiabilité Fiat Punto 2 (1999-2003) : pannes et témoignagesFiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  49. Fiabilité et pannes du Ford EcoSport (2014-2023)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  50. Ford Focus MK4: Typische Probleme und RückrufeGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · published 2 August 2026 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  51. Tous les problèmes sur Ford KA PLUS 2016-2020 (23 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  52. Fiabilité et pannes du Ford Kuga 3 (2019-)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  53. Tous les problèmes sur Hyundai Bayon 2021 (6 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  54. Tous les problèmes sur Hyundai Ioniq (46 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  55. Solider SUV aus Fernost: Der Hyundai ix35 hat selten MängelVolksstimme · General press · published September 2015 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  56. Fiabilité Hyundai iX35 (2010-2015)fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  57. Tous les problèmes sur Hyundai Santa Fe 2 2006-2012 (209 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  58. Tous les problèmes sur Hyundai Tucson 2021Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  59. Hyundai Tucson IV: Bekannte Probleme, Schwächen und KaufberatungGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  60. Tous les problèmes sur Kia Niro 2016-2022Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  61. Land Rover Range Rover Sport (2013-2022): 21 testimonios de fiabilidadfiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  62. Fiabilité Mazda 3 (2019-)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  63. Mercedes-Benz Citan: Modelle, Technische Daten, Preise | ADAC (sección Pannenstatistik)ADAC · Reliability study · consulted 5 October 2026 · in German
  64. Mercedes C-Klasse (W205): Gebrauchtwagen-TestAuto Bild · Motoring press · published 23 March 2018 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
  65. Fiabilité Mercedes Classe E : pannes et avis (W211, 2002-2008)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  66. Mercedes-Benz W211 (Baureihe 211)Wikipedia (edición en alemán) · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  67. Tous les problèmes sur Mini Countryman 2010-2017 (154 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  68. Mitsubishi ASX – Typische Probleme & Krankheitengebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 11 January 2023 · consulted 5 October 2026 · in German
  69. Tous les problèmes sur Nissan Almera 2000-2005 (90 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  70. Fiabilité Nissan Leaf 2 (à partir de 2019) : pannes et avis des propriétairesFiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  71. Peugeot 206 : pannes et fiabilitéfiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  72. Fiabilidad y averías del Renault AustralFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  73. Fiabilidad y averías del Renault Captur II (2019-)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  74. Fiabilité Renault Kangoo 2 : tous les problèmes et vices révélésfiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  75. Tous les problèmes sur Skoda Enyaq 2021 (15 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  76. Reliability of the Smart ForFour (ADAC breakdown statistics)car-recalls.eu · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026
  77. Reliability of the Smart ForTwo (ADAC breakdown statistics)car-recalls.eu · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026
  78. Toyota Auris (2012-2018) : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  79. Toyota Corolla (2002-2007) : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  80. Toyota Yaris Cross 2021: problemas y averías (22 testimonios)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  81. Problemkind Golf 8 – hier macht ein Fahrlehrer seinem Ärger LuftAuto Bild · Motoring press · published 21 March 2023 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  82. Tous les problèmes sur Volvo C30 2006-2012 (162 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  83. Fiabilité Volvo XC60 (2017) : tous les problèmes recensésfiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  84. Fiabilité Dacia Sandero 2 (2012-2020) (214 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  85. Fiabilité Dacia Sandero 3 (2020) (131 avis)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  86. Peugeot 207 RecallsAutoinsider · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026
  87. Tous les problèmes sur Toyota Prius 3 (118 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  88. Fiabilité et pannes de l'Alfa Romeo Giulia (2016)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  89. Audi A7 C7 (4G) – Typische Probleme & SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 13 July 2023 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  90. Audi A7 Probleme (C7, C8): Schwachstellen, MängelCarWiki.de · Other source · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  91. Tous les problèmes sur BMW Serie 2 Active Tourer 2014-2022fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  92. Tous les problèmes sur Dacia Duster 3 2024fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  93. Fiabilité Fiat Panda : pannes et témoignagesFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  94. Used Ford Focus Mk3 (2011-2018) reviewAuto Express · Motoring press · consulted 26 September 2026
  95. Tous les problèmes sur Honda Civic 2012-2017 (195 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  96. Tous les problèmes sur Honda CR-V 2012-2019 (142 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  97. Fiabilité Honda HR-V (2015-2022) : pannes recensées par les propriétairesFiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  98. Fiabilité Honda HRV (2022) (9 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026 · in French
  99. Tous les problèmes sur Honda Jazz 2 2008-2015 (112 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  100. Tous les problèmes sur Honda Jazz 3 2015-2020 (30 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  101. Fallos y Problemas Comunes del Iveco DailyTransit Center · Technical documentation · consulted 29 October 2026 · in Spanish
  102. Todos los problemas del Kia EV6 2021 (19 testimonios)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  103. Tous les problèmes sur Kia Niro 2022Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  104. Fiabilité Mercedes CLA 2013-2019 (103 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  105. Mercedes CLA 2 (2019) : pannes et problèmes (12 avis)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  106. Mercedes GLB 2019 : pannes et problèmes (6 avis)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  107. Tous les problèmes sur MG MG4 2023 (87 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  108. Tous les problèmes sur MG ZS 2020-2024Fiches-auto.fr · Reliability study · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  109. Mitsubishi Colt VI Z30 2004-2012 Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  110. Tous les problèmes sur Nissan Pulsar 2014-2019 (63 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  111. Nissan Qashqai J11: Probleme, Schwachstellen und RückrufeGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  112. Tous les problèmes sur Renault FLUENCE 2009-2014 (86 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  113. Renault Talisman – Typische Probleme & Krankheitengebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 15 January 2023 · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  114. Reliability of the Seat Alhambra (ADAC breakdown statistics)car-recalls.eu · Reliability study · consulted 4 October 2026
  115. SEAT Alhambra II (7N): PannenstatistikADAC · Reliability study · consulted 4 October 2026 · in German
  116. Test complet Škoda Octavia (2019) : fiabilité et avis propriétairesFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  117. Tous les problèmes sur Suzuki Swift 2 2010-2017 (150 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  118. Toyota bZ4X: problemas y fiabilidad (9 testimonios)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  119. Toyota Corolla Cross: Probleme, Rückrufe und Erfahrungen der FahrerCarWiki.de · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  120. Used Volkswagen Passat reviewAuto Express · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026
  121. BMW 5er (E61) im GebrauchtwagentestAUTO BILD · Motoring press · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  122. Fiabilité Infiniti Q30 2015-2020 (38 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  123. Tous les problèmes sur Jaguar E-Pace 2017 (testimonios de propietarios)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  124. Tous les problèmes sur Nissan Micra IV (2010-2017, 76 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
  125. Renault Clio: fiabilidad y llamadas a revisión (datos ADAC)car-recalls.eu · Technical documentation · consulted 29 October 2026
  126. VW Golf V - typische Mängel und Probleme, Rückruf- und Service-Aktionenmichaelneuhaus.de · Other source · consulted 29 October 2026 · in German
  127. Usterki Volkswagen Golf V - wady, awarieAutoCentrum.pl · Owners' forum · consulted 29 October 2026 · in another language
  128. Tous les problèmes sur Volvo S90 V90 2016 (22 témoignages)fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French