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Consumption and fluid levelsUrgency: Garage soon

Excessive oil consumption: causes and the faults that trigger it

All engines use some oil: part of it seeps past the engine components and part is burnt in combustion. The problem arises when the level drops visibly between oil changes, and the causes the sources cite most are the turbo, the piston rings, the valve seals and guides and the PCV valve. The figures for what is normal vary a lot from one source to another (from up to 1 litre every 1,000 km according to RACE to 1-1.5 litres every 10,000 km on a diesel according to Diariomotor), so the reliable approach is to measure your car's consumption and ask the manufacturer for the figure for your engine.[1][2][3][4]

69 documented faults cause it in 61 engines. The most important:

What it means

Having to top up the oil often between services points to an internal problem: stuck piston rings, worn cylinders, valve stem seals or turbo leaks. Some manufacturers accept high consumption as normal, but it should be measured rigorously.

General explanation from MotorFiable. How it shows up in each engine, with sources, is in the list of faults.

What to do now

Garage soon

Ask for a documented oil consumption test from the main dealer: it is the basis for any claim. In the meantime, check the level every 1,000 km.

96 sourcesHow we work

Most common causes

From most to least likely according to the sources. Under each cause, the part and the related OBD codes.

  1. 1. Turbo with play or wear on the shaft

    Common cause

    RACE puts turbo shaft wear first: with excessive play, the oil that lubricates and cools it ends up burning in the intake and exhaust chambers. Diariomotor likewise points to the turbo bearings as one of the most likely causes, with oil entering through the intake, and Autopista adds that the turbo's internal seals can also let oil pass into the intake or the exhaust.[1][2][3]

    Faults with with the turboFaults with with oil consumption

  2. 2. Worn or broken piston rings

    Common cause

    The rings stop oil from passing into the combustion chamber. When they wear or break, the oil burns and blue smoke comes out of the exhaust. RACE associates it mainly with cars more than 15 years old, because of wear on engine parts. Autopista adds that it usually comes with loss of compression and high oil consumption.[2][3][5]

    Faults with with the big-end bearings and pistonsFaults with with oil consumption

  3. 3. Worn valve seals and guides

    Common cause

    Oil from the cylinder head can get in through worn valve guides or faulty valve seals. Autopista says that blue smoke on starting after several hours parked points to the valve seals.[1][2][5]

    Faults with with oil consumption

  4. 4. Blocked PCV valve (crankcase ventilation)

    Possible cause

    The PCV valve returns the crankcase vapours to the intake to be burnt again. If it gets stuck, open or closed, the crankcase pressure balance is upset, and Autopista counts it among the causes of an engine burning oil.[2][6]

    Faults with with oil consumption

  5. 5. Oil-coolant heat exchanger or head gasket

    Possible cause

    If the heat exchanger between oil and coolant fails or the head gasket deteriorates, the oil and the coolant can mix. RACE and Autodoc Club describe a brown or milky liquid in the coolant reservoir as a sign, and Autopista adds that a damaged head gasket can mix oil, coolant and gases.[1][2][7]

    Faults with with the head gasket

  6. 6. External leaks from seals, gaskets or hoses

    Possible cause

    It is not always burnt: oil can be lost externally. RACE cites hardened or cracked seals (for example, the crankshaft seal) and Diariomotor lists seals, hoses, gaskets and fittings as leak points. Autopista insists on not confusing consumption through combustion with an external leak.[1][2][3]

    Faults with with oil leaks

  7. 7. Oil of the wrong viscosity

    Uncommon

    Autopista notes that a lubricant that is too thin gets through the engine clearances more easily. That is why you should use the viscosity specified by the manufacturer at every change and when topping up.[2]

    Faults with with oil consumption

  8. 8. Engine still being run in

    Uncommon

    Autofácil reminds us that an engine being run in can use a little more oil, but that this tendency should disappear with the kilometres. It is a cause that only applies to newly manufactured or rebuilt engines.[4]

Depending on what you notice

Why does a car use oil?

A small amount of consumption is normal: RACE explains that part of the oil seeps past the engine components and part is burnt in the combustion chamber, and Autopista points out that all engines use some, especially with demanding driving. It becomes a fault when the level drops visibly between changes, and then they point to the turbo, the piston rings, the valve seals and guides or the PCV valve.[1][2][3]

My car is using oil: is it burning it or losing it?

The first thing is to tell them apart, because Autopista warns that you should not confuse consumption through combustion with an external leak. Diariomotor recommends looking for build-ups of oil around seals, gaskets and fittings; if there are no stains and blue smoke comes out of the exhaust, RACE explains that the oil is being burnt in the combustion chamber.[1][2][3]

My car is using a lot of oil

RACE lists as causes turbo shaft wear, a failure of the oil-coolant heat exchanger, hardened seals, valve guides and a cylinder head warped by overheating. Blue smoke from the exhaust gives away burnt oil, and a brown liquid in the coolant reservoir indicates that the oil is mixing with it.[1][5][7]

What to do if my car is using a lot of oil

Always measure the level with the car on level ground and the engine cold, top up only with the correct lubricant and without going above the maximum, and note when the blue smoke appears. With that information, a garage can do a compression or leak-down test and check the PCV valve, the turbo and external leaks. If there is heavy blue smoke, an oil warning light, loss of power or high temperature, Autopista advises stopping and calling for assistance.[2][8][9]

How much oil is it normal for a car to use?

The sources do not agree. RACE says that up to 1 litre every 1,000 km is normal; Autofácil reports that manufacturers consider anything below 1 l/1,000 km normal; Diariomotor, talking about diesels, cites 1 or 1.5 litres every 10,000 km; and Autopista recommends having it checked at a garage if it needs a litre every 1,000 or 2,000 km. Diariomotor points out that tolerance varies from one engine to another, so the figure that counts is the one for your engine.[1][2][3][4]

What to check first

  1. Measure the level with the dipstick: car on a flat surface, engine cold (RACE asks you to wait at least half an hour after stopping it), dipstick wiped clean and reinserted. The level should be between the minimum and the maximum. Do it regularly and note how much oil you add between measurements so you know whether the consumption is constant.[2][3][8]
  2. Look for external leaks: stains under the car and oil built up around seals, gaskets, hoses and fittings. If there is a leak, the oil is not being burnt and the problem is something else.[2][3]
  3. Watch the exhaust: blue smoke indicates burnt oil. According to Autopista, if it appears on starting after several hours parked or when accelerating after a while at idle, it points to the valve seals; if it appears when accelerating, together with loss of compression, to the piston rings; and if it appears on engine braking down a long descent, to the valve guides. Note when it happens so you can tell the garage.[2][3][5]
  4. Look at the colour of the liquid in the coolant reservoir: if it is brown or milky, oil is mixing with it.[1][7]
  5. If you need to top up, use the correct oil and add it gradually, checking with the dipstick. Do not go above the maximum: RACE warns that excess causes foaming, leaks and can damage seals, the catalytic converter and the particulate filter.[2][8][9]
  6. Ask a garage for a diagnosis: compression or leak-down test, and a check of the PCV valve (Autopista puts it at between 30,000 and 60,000 km, especially on city cars or older cars), the turbo and leaks.[2][6]

Can I keep driving?

Urgency: Garage soon

It depends on what is happening. With the level within the marks and only the occasional top-up, the sources recommend watching the level and going to a garage for a diagnosis without letting it slide: Diariomotor warns that this kind of fault tends to get worse quickly. You must stop without waiting if the red oil pressure warning light comes on (RACE: stop the engine as soon as it is safe, or it will end up seizing), if there is heavy blue smoke, loss of power or high temperature (Autopista), or if the oil is mixing with the coolant (Autodoc Club: driving is not recommended).[2][3][7][10]

How much it costs to fix

Indicative prices published by the sources cited; they depend on the car and the garage.

RepairPrice
Changing oil and filter with the correct viscosity (Autopista range, in Spain; depends on the model and labour)[2]€80 – €180
Replacing the PCV valve (Autopista range, in Spain; depends on the model and access to the engine)[2]€60 – €250
Changing the valve seals (Autopista range, in Spain; depends on the model and labour)[2]€300 – €900
Repairing a leaking gasket or seal (Autopista range, in Spain; depends on the model and labour)[2]€100 – €600
Repairing or replacing the turbo (Autopista range, in Spain)[2]€600 – €1,800
Replacing the turbo on a turbocharged engine (RACE range, in Spain)[5]€1,000 – €3,000
Replacing the head gasket and checking the cylinder head (Autopista range, in Spain)[2]€800 – €2,500
Internal engine repair, for example for worn piston rings (Autopista range, in Spain)[2]€1,500 – €4,000

Documented faults that cause it

Specific engine and gearbox faults, from most to least important (severity × frequency). Below each title, how the symptom shows up in that fault.

  1. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 PureTech[11]

  2. Source for the symptom in the 1.5 BlueHDi[12][13]

  3. Source for the symptom in the 2.0/2.2 D-4D[14][15][16]

  4. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 and 1.4 TSI[17][18]

  5. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 TCe[19][20][21]

  6. Source for the symptom in the 1.33 Dual VVT-i[22]

  7. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 PureTech[23]

  8. Source for the symptom in the 1.0 PureTech[24][25]

  9. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 HDi[26]

  10. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 TSI / TFSI[2]

  11. Source for the symptom in the BMW M57[27]

  12. Source for the symptom in the BMW N62 / N63[28][29]

  13. Source for the symptom in the D4/D5[30]

  14. Source for the symptom in the Drive-E gasolina[31]

  15. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 GDI / T-GDI[32]

  16. Source for the symptom in the MZR gasolina[33]

  17. Source for the symptom in the Porsche V8 and V6 (Cayenne and Panamera)[34]

  18. Source for the symptom in the 2.5 TDI R5[35]

  19. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 TCe[36]

  20. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 dCi[37]

  21. Source for the symptom in the 1.7 CRDi[38]

  22. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 and 2.2 CRDi[39]

  23. Source for the symptom in the 1.8 T 20v[40]

  24. Source for the symptom in the BMW B58[41][42]

  25. Source for the symptom in the BMW B58[42][43]

  26. Source for the symptom in the BMW M54[44][45]

  27. Source for the symptom in the BMW N13[46]

  28. Source for the symptom in the BMW N20[47]

  29. Source for the symptom in the BMW N43/N46[48][49]

  30. Source for the symptom in the 1.4 T-Jet[50]

  31. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 / 1.4 / 1.8 i-VTEC[51]

  32. Source for the symptom in the MZR gasolina[33][52]

  33. Source for the symptom in the 1.0/1.2/1.4 Ecotec[53][54]

  34. Source for the symptom in the 1.4/1.6 VTi[49]

  35. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 THP[49]

  36. Source for the symptom in the 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 VVT-i[55]

  37. Source for the symptom in the Volvo 5 cilindros gasolina[56][57]

  38. Source for the symptom in the D4/D5[58][59]

  39. Source for the symptom in the 2.2 JTDm Multijet II[60]

  40. Source for the symptom in the BMW B48 / B38[61]

  41. Source for the symptom in the BMW N62 / N63[62]

  42. Source for the symptom in the 1.25/1.4/1.6 Ti-VCT[63]

  43. Source for the symptom in the 2.3 MZR DISI Turbo[64]

  44. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 DIG-T[65]

  45. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 MR20DE / 2.5 QR25DE[66][67][68]

  46. Source for the symptom in the Porsche V8 and V6 (Cayenne and Panamera)[69]

  47. Source for the symptom in the 1.4 HDi[70]

  48. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 and 2.4 VVT-i[71]

  49. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 12V[72]

  50. Source for the symptom in the BMW N52 / N53[73]

  51. Source for the symptom in the M112 / M113[74]

  52. Source for the symptom in the 1.6 16v HR16DE / H4M[75]

  53. Source for the symptom in the VW 2.0 TFSI EA113[76]

  54. Source for the symptom in the Audi 3.0 TFSI V6[77][78]

  55. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 8v Fire[79][80]

  56. Source for the symptom in the 0.9 TwinAir and 1.0/1.3 FireFly[81]

  57. Source for the symptom in the MZR gasolina[82]

  58. Source for the symptom in the Skyactiv-G[83]

  59. Source for the symptom in the 1.0 SCe (B4D)[84]

  60. Source for the symptom in the 1.0 MPI[85]

  61. Source for the symptom in the 2.0 / 2.4 i-VTEC[86]

  62. Source for the symptom in the MIVEC gasolina[87]

  63. Source for the symptom in the 0.9 TCe[88]

  64. Source for the symptom in the 1.0 TCe / SCe[89]

  65. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 16v[90]

  66. Source for the symptom in the 1.4 and 1.6 16v[91]

  67. Source for the symptom in the 1.0 and 1.4 Boosterjet[92]

  68. Source for the symptom in the 1.2 Dualjet and 1.2 VVT[93]

  69. Source for the symptom in the 1.0 VVT-i[94][95][96]

Which cars it appears in

These faults affect 61 engines. We have documented 353 models from 31 makes with some of the affected versions: open yours to see all its faults.

Engines

Cars with the affected versions

Uses oil: causes in your car

353 cars have several documented faults that cause this symptom. Choose yours to see only those that affect it, by engine and by year.

Abarth 2
Alfa Romeo 3
Audi 20
BMW 35
Citroën 21
Dacia 11
DS 5
Fiat 11
Ford 10
Honda 4
Hyundai 8
Jeep 3
Kia 11
Lancia 1
Land Rover 1
Lexus 1
Mazda 19
Mercedes-Benz 13
MINI 5
Mitsubishi 2
Nissan 8
Opel 14
Peugeot 25
Renault 24
Seat 11
Škoda 12
Smart 2
Suzuki 8
Toyota 20
Volkswagen 21
Volvo 22

Uses oil by brand

Frequently asked questions

How much oil is it normal for a car to use?

There is no single figure in the sources. RACE talks about up to 1 litre every 1,000 km; Autofácil says manufacturers consider consumption below 1 l/1,000 km normal; Diariomotor, for diesels, mentions 1 or 1.5 litres every 10,000 km, and Autopista suggests having it checked at a garage if you need a litre every 1,000 or 2,000 km. As it depends on the engine, ask the manufacturer for the figure for yours.[1][2][3][4]

Is it normal for a brand-new car or an engine being run in to use more oil?

Yes, Autofácil says that an engine being run in can use a little more, but that this tendency should fall over time. If consumption does not drop, it should not be put down to running in.[4]

How do I know if my car is burning oil or losing it through a leak?

If there are stains under the car or oil built up around seals, gaskets and fittings, it is an external leak. If there are no stains and blue smoke comes out of the exhaust, the oil is being burnt in the engine. Autopista warns that you should not confuse the two.[2][3][5]

How often should I check the oil level?

Diariomotor recommends doing it at least once a month, and every few days if the car is used intensively, always with the engine cold and the car on a level surface. RACE refers to the manufacturer's instructions for check and change intervals.[3][8]

Do additives work to stop oil use?

RACE cites additives such as Slick 50, which are used to reduce blue smoke and oil consumption, but warns that if the wear is severe they will not stop the smoke. It is a partial solution for slight piston ring wear, not a repair.[5]

What happens if I go over the maximum when topping up?

RACE explains that going over the maximum increases internal pressure, causes foaming, leads to leaks and can affect seals, the catalytic converter or the particulate filter. If you have overfilled, do not keep topping up and remove the excess with an extraction pump or go to a professional.[9]

Other symptoms: consumption and fluid levels

All symptoms

Has this happened to you? Tell us which fault it was, at how many kilometres and how much you paid: it helps other owners know what to expect. Report your fault.

Sources

Every fact on this page links to its source. If you find an error, let us know.

  1. 1.Mi coche consume mucho aceite: ¿por qué?RACE · Motoring press · published 21 August 2023 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  2. 2.Tu coche quema aceite: 6 señales de alarma y la solución definitiva para salvar tu motorAutopista · Motoring press · published 20 June 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  3. 3.¿Consume aceite mi coche diésel? Cómo detectar averías y prevenir más problemasDiariomotor · Motoring press · published 18 May 2020 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  4. 4.¿Es normal tanto gasto de aceite?Autofácil · Motoring press · published 19 November 2009 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  5. 5.¿Sale humo azul por el tubo de escape de tu coche? El aceite es el culpableRACE · Motoring press · published 12 February 2024 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  6. 6.Válvula PCV, qué es, cómo funciona y síntomas de averíaAutopista · Motoring press · published 21 May 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  7. 7.Aceite en el anticongelante: causas, reparación y prevenciónAutodoc Club · Technical documentation · published 6 December 2021 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  8. 8.¿Cómo comprobar el aceite de tu coche?RACE · Motoring press · published 19 April 2022 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  9. 9.¿Qué pasa si el aceite del coche supera el máximo?RACE · Motoring press · published 17 September 2026 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  10. 10.¿Qué pasa si el coche se queda sin aceite?RACE · Motoring press · published 26 August 2020 · consulted 4 October 2026 · in Spanish
  11. 11.1.2 PureTech: precio y cambio de correa de distribuciónAutopista · Motoring press · published 2 August 2026 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  12. 12.Moteur diesel 1.5 BlueHDi de Stellantis : la grogne monteUFC-Que Choisir · Consumer association · published 10 January 2025 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  13. 13.Stellantis llama a revisión al motor diésel 1.5 BlueHDi: ¿cuál es el problema y cuál la solución?coches.com · Motoring press · published 28 July 2025 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  14. 14.Toyota Avensis (2008-2018) : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  15. 15.Toyota RAV4 (2013-2019) : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  16. 16.Toyota Corolla Verso : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  17. 17.Probleme und Schwachstellen beim 1.2 TSI, 1.4 TSI (EA111)Gebrauchtwagenberater · Other source · published 1 September 2026 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
  18. 18.VW Konzern 1,4 FSI, TFSI – Kolbenschäden, Ölverbrauch, Kompression, SteuerkettengeräuscheWild Motoren (taller, Alemania) · Other source · published 24 June 2018 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in German
  19. 19.Moteur 1.2 Renault - 400 000 voitures en dangerUFC-Que Choisir (Que Choisir Ensemble) · Consumer association · published 24 May 2019 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  20. 20.Enquête fiabilité. Surconsommation d'huile : les moteurs à risqueL'argus · Motoring press · published 21 March 2016 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  21. 21.Petición afectados motores defectuosos RenaultOCU · Consumer association · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  22. 22.Toyota 1.33 1NR-FE: Typische Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  23. 23.Fiabilité Stellantis 1.2 PureTech. De nouvelles solutions contre la consommation d'huileL'argus · Motoring press · published 23 June 2024 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  24. 24.Peugeot 208 1.0 VTI 68 ch : l'essai et les 56 avisFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  25. 25.Citroen C3 II 1.0 VTi 68 ch : l'essai et les 26 avisFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  26. 26.Fallos del turbo 1.6 HDi: cómo evitar que tu motor muera de sedReman Motor Parts · Other source · published 14 August 2025 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in Spanish
  27. 27.Válvula PCV en motores diéselDasercars · Technical documentation · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  28. 28.Fiabilité Bmw Serie 5 (2010-2016) (252 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 8 October 2026 · in French
  29. 29.BMW 5er F10, F11: Typische Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
  30. 30.Fiabilité et pannes Volvo V60Fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  31. 31.Volvo V90 – Bekannte Probleme & KrankheitenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Other source · published January 2024 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  32. 32.Complaints by vehicle: Hyundai Tucson, model year 2016NHTSA · Official body · consulted 27 September 2026
  33. 33.Mazda 6 I: Bekannte Probleme und SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 8 August 2025 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
  34. 34.Alusil (aleación de aluminio y silicio para cilindros)Wikipedia (inglés) · Other source · consulted 9 October 2026
  35. 35.Ratgeber Technik: Fehler VW T5Auto Bild · Motoring press · consulted 5 October 2026 · in German
  36. 36.Casse moteur Renault 1.2 TCe : 107 000 Renault concernéesL'argus · Motoring press · published 28 March 2019 · consulted 26 September 2026 · in French
  37. 37.Fiabilité Renault Kadjar : pannes et avisFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  38. 38.Hyundai iX35 1.7 Crdi Problemas | Fallos y averías más frecuentesTotalRenting · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  39. 39.Hyundai Santa Fe: fallos y averías más frecuentesTotalRenting · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  40. 40.Fiabilité et pannes Audi TTFiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  41. 41.The 5 Most Common BMW B58 Engine ProblemsBMW Tuning · Technical documentation · published 7 February 2020 · consulted 9 October 2026
  42. 42.Der BMW B58 Motor | Technische Daten, Probleme, Haltbarkeit & Liste der FahrzeugeCarWiki.de · Technical documentation · consulted 9 October 2026 · in German
  43. 43.BMW B58 Engine Reliability, Performance & ServicingR44 Performance · Technical documentation · consulted 9 October 2026
  44. 44.BMW M54 Engine Guide: Reliability, Common Problems & Tuning PotentialEuro Premium Parts · Technical documentation · consulted 5 October 2026
  45. 45.BMW M54 reliabilityAutoscore · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026
  46. 46.Tickende Zeitbombe: So zuverlässig ist der Prince-Motor von PSA und BMWGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 13 March 2026 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  47. 47.BMW N20 Engine: Pros, Cons, Reliability, Tuning, and Maintenance GuideBMW BLOG · Motoring press · published 8 June 2025 · consulted 27 September 2026
  48. 48.BMW N46: Typische Probleme & HaltbarkeitGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  49. 49.Moteurs essence qui consomment de l'huileFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  50. 50.Fiat Tipo : les plus et les moinsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  51. 51.Fiabilité et pannes Honda Civic (2012-2017)Fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  52. 52.Fiabilité Mazda 6 (2002-2008)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 8 October 2026 · in French
  53. 53.Opel Corsa 3 : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  54. 54.Opel Corsa 4 : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  55. 55.Toyota Avensis (2003-2009) : fiabilité, pannes et rappelsFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  56. 56.Надёжен ли Ford Focus ST II поколения: все проблемы хэтчбека с пробегомAuto.ru · Motoring press · published 11 January 2023 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in another language
  57. 57.Volvo crankcase breathers are critical (separador de aceite y ventilación del cárter)Automotive Tech Info · Motoring press · published September 2016 · consulted 8 October 2026
  58. 58.Fiabilité et pannes Volvo S60Fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  59. 59.Fiabilité et pannes Volvo V40Fiches-auto.fr · Other source · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  60. 60.Fiabilité Alfa Romeo Stelvio, pannes et témoignagesFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 8 October 2026 · in French
  61. 61.Motor BMW B48: defectos, mantenimiento y guía de compraRecambios y Accesorios BMW (blog) · Technical documentation · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  62. 62.Fiabilité Bmw Serie 5 (2003-2010) (410 témoignages)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 8 October 2026 · in French
  63. 63.Fiabilité et pannes Ford FiestaFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  64. 64.2009 Mazda CX-7 engine problemsCarComplaints · Owners' forum · consulted 5 October 2026
  65. 65.Problemas comunes del Nissan Qashqai: cómo solucionarlos en el popular SUVAutopista.es · Motoring press · published 9 September 2024 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in Spanish
  66. 66.Fiabilité et pannes du Nissan Qashqai (1re génération)Fiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 8 October 2026 · in French
  67. 67.Nissan Qashqai I - Typische Probleme & KrankheitenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 13 February 2024 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
  68. 68.Nissan Qashqai pierwszej generacji - co się psuje, czego unikać, których wersji szukać?Spider's Web (Autoblog) · Motoring press · published 11 July 2022 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in another language
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  71. 71.Common 2AZ-FE Engine Problems and How to Fix ThemThe Auto Insider Blog · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026
  72. 72.Fiabilité et pannes de la Volkswagen Polo 4Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  73. 73.Problemas BMW N52Total Renting · Other source · consulted 5 October 2026 · in Spanish
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  75. 75.Fiabilité et pannes du Dacia Duster 2Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  76. 76.Common problems of Audi A3 8P 2.0 TFSIEuro Auto Pro · Technical documentation · consulted 5 October 2026
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  80. 80.Fiat 500 (ab 2007) – alle bekannten Probleme & KrankheitenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 24 November 2023 · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  81. 81.Fiabilité et pannes de la Fiat Panda (depuis 2012)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  82. 82.Mazda 2 II (DE): Typische Mängel & KrankheitenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · published 28 September 2025 · consulted 8 October 2026 · in German
  83. 83.Mazda 3 (BM/BN, 2013-2019) – Erfahrungen & ProblemeGebrauchtwagenberater · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  84. 84.Fiabilité et pannes de la Dacia Sandero 2Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  85. 85.Fiabilité et pannes de la Seat Ibiza (2017-)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  86. 86.Fiabilidad Honda CR-V IV: averías y testimoniosFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 5 October 2026 · in French
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  88. 88.Fiabilité des 0.9 TCeFiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  89. 89.Fiabilité et pannes du Dacia Sandero 3Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  90. 90.Fiabilité et pannes de la Renault Clio 2Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
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  92. 92.Suzuki Vitara : avis, qualités et défauts des propriétairesFiches-auto.fr · Owners' forum · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  93. 93.Suzuki Ignis (MF, ab 2016) – Bekannte Probleme & SchwachstellenGebrauchtwagenberater.de · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in German
  94. 94.Fiabilité de la marque Toyota (Aygo)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  95. 95.Fiabilité de la marque Citroën (C1)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French
  96. 96.Fiabilité de la marque Peugeot (107/108)Fiches-auto.fr · Motoring press · consulted 27 September 2026 · in French